The truth about extension cords: why you shouldn't be afraid to connect powerful devices
There are often articles on the Internet that scare readers with bans on connecting powerful household appliances to extension cords. Freezers, microwaves, washing machines, heaters — the list of prohibited devices grows with each publication. But is an extension cord as scary as it is portrayed? Let's figure it out, relying on the laws of physics and common sense, informs Ukr.Media.
Myth #1: Powerful appliances overload the extension cord and cause a fire
One of the most common myths is that powerful appliances plugged into an extension cord can overload it and cause a fire. In fact, the cause of such situations is not the use of the extension cord itself, but rather incorrect load calculation.
Each extension cord has a certain maximum power for which it is designed. In order to avoid risks, it is necessary to check before connecting whether the total power of all devices corresponds to the permissible load of this extension cord. This is quite simple to do: just add up the power of the devices that you plan to use. The power is usually indicated on the case or in the instructions for each device and is measured in watts (W).
Once the total power is determined, it is necessary to compare it with the maximum permissible power of the extension cord itself, indicated by the manufacturer. However, it is important to take into account another factor – the characteristics of the electrical outlet itself. The outlet also has its maximum load, which is usually indicated in the form of permissible current (in amperes). To understand what maximum power the outlet can withstand, it is enough to multiply the current indicated on it by the standard network voltage, which is usually 220 V.
For example, you plan to connect a 1500 W microwave and a 300 W refrigerator to one extension cord at the same time. The total power of these two appliances will be 1800 W. If the maximum power of your extension cord is, for example, 2200 W, and the outlet is rated for 16 A (which corresponds to a power of 3520 W), then in this case there are no risks and the appliances can be used safely.
Thus, if you correctly calculate the load and make sure that it does not exceed the permissible values of the extension cord and outlet, you will avoid any potential fire hazards.
Myth #2: Extensions are a temporary solution
A common myth is that extension cords are just a temporary solution for short-term use. In fact, this is not entirely true, as modern extension cords made of high-quality materials are perfectly suitable for long-term and even permanent use. The main thing is to choose them correctly.
First of all, you should pay attention to the cross-section of the wire. The thicker the wire, the more load it can withstand. Therefore, if you plan to connect powerful devices, it is better to opt for models with a larger cross-section of the wire.
The next important factor is the insulation material. To protect yourself from fire or overheating as much as possible, it is advisable to choose extension cords with non-flammable or heat-resistant insulation. Such material will not allow the device to ignite even in the event of accidental overheating or short circuit.
It is also worth paying attention to the presence of additional protection. For example, modern models are often equipped with automatic overload protection. This will avoid dangerous situations when a sudden voltage surge or short circuit creates a risk of fire.
And, of course, it is important to choose extension cords only from trusted manufacturers who guarantee the quality of their products. This will ensure the safety and durability of your extension cord.
Myth #3: Each powerful device has a separate outlet
One of the common myths is that daisy-chaining extension cords (where one extension cord is plugged into another) is strictly prohibited and very dangerous. However, in reality, such a connection is possible, but only if you follow a few important rules.
First of all, it is necessary to correctly calculate the load. As with the usual connection of devices to an extension cord, the total power of all connected devices should be taken into account. Each extension cord has its own maximum permissible power, so when connected in series, the total power of the devices should not exceed the power of the extension cord with the lowest permissible indicator.
You also need to take into account the maximum permissible load of the outlet to which the first extension cord is connected, as exceeding this limit can lead to overheating or a short circuit.
An equally important condition is the quality of the extension cords themselves. It is recommended to use only proven quality products with the appropriate cable cross-section. It is strictly forbidden to use homemade extension cords or extension cords with damaged insulation. It should also be remembered that the longer the chain of several extension cords, the greater the power loss and the risk of overheating of the wires.
Particular attention should be paid to the reliability of the connections between extension cords. All contacts must be strong, tight, and reliable, as poor contact can cause overheating, sparking, and even fire.
Therefore, serial connection of extension cords is permissible, but only with the precautions described above. Such a connection should be avoided when the total power of the devices is close to the maximum power of the extension cords or the socket, when extension cords with thin wires or damaged insulation are used, and when the connections between them appear unreliable.
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